What is small airway disease?

Small airway disease is a condition characterized by the narrowing or obstruction of small airways in the lungs, including bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles. This results in reduced airflow to and from the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing. The symptoms may include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and fatigue.

Small airway disease can be caused by various factors, including smoking, exposure to air pollution, respiratory infections, and genetic factors. It can also be a result of underlying conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, and cystic fibrosis.

Diagnosis of small airway disease requires pulmonary function tests and imaging studies, such as chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment options may include bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy, depending on the severity of the disease. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and avoiding air pollutants, may also help manage symptoms.